County-level Census Bureau data covering income, housing, demographics, education, employment, and more. Counties are the primary administrative division in the U.S. and the most common unit for comparing local conditions across a state.
Data: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023 (released December 2024).
Quick Facts — Clay County
- What is the median household income in Clay County?
- The median household income in Clay County is $45,865 (U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023).
- What is the poverty rate in Clay County?
- The poverty rate in Clay County is 8.6% (U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2023).
- What is the median home value in Clay County?
- $116,500 (U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2023).
- What is the average rent in Clay County?
- The median gross rent in Clay County is $646 per month (U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2023).
- What percentage of Clay County residents have a college degree?
- 12.9% of adults in Clay County hold a bachelor's degree or higher (U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2023).
Population
3,950
Median Income
$45,865
Median Home Value
$116,500
Poverty Rate
8.6%
Unemployment (ACS 2023)
2.4%
Median Age
56.0 yrs
Since 2019
Median Income:
+$13,790 (+43%)
Home Value:
+$18,900 (+19.4%)
Poverty Rate:
-2.1 pp (-19.6%)
Bachelor's+:
+0.8 pp (+6.6%)
Unemployment:
-4.9 pp (-67.1%)
Demographics
Total Population
3,950
Median Age
56.0
Female
51.1%
Race & Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino 3.5%
White (non-Hisp.) 89.0%
Black 2.7%
Two or More 7.4%
Other 0.3%
Hispanic Subgroups (% of total pop.)
Mexican
2.3%
Puerto Rican
1.0%
Cuban
0.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Income & Poverty
Median Household Income
$45,865
±$12,782
-$41,691 vs. state
Per Capita Income
$75,565
Median Family Income
$66,603
Poverty Rate
8.6%
+3.1 pp vs. state
Child Poverty Rate
9.6%
Working-Age Poverty Rate
—
SNAP Recipients
23.1%
Social Security Income
—
Retirement Income
29.7%
Household Income Distribution
< $10k
10.5%
$10–15k
7.9%
$15–25k
13.7%
$25–35k
9.7%
$35–50k
11.4%
$50–75k
14.4%
$75–100k
9.2%
$100–150k
16.0%
$150–200k
5.7%
$200k+
1.5%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Housing
Total Housing Units
2,191
Owner-Occupied
62.4%
Renter-Occupied
37.6%
Vacancy Rate
9.5%
Median Home Value
$116,500
-$189,000 vs. state
Median Gross Rent
$646
Owner Cost Burden (30%+)
25.8%
Renter Cost Burden (30%+)
19.6%
Home Value Distribution
< $50k
7.0%
$50–100k
28.7%
$100–200k
35.4%
$200–300k
9.4%
$300–500k
6.2%
$500k–$1M
1.1%
Gross Rent Distribution
< $500
24.0%
$500–1k
54.7%
$1–1.5k
20.4%
$1.5–2k
0.9%
Vehicle Availability
No vehicle
6.2%
1 vehicle
40.7%
2 vehicles
34.4%
3+
18.7%
Housing Type
Single-fam. det.
74.0%
Single-fam. att.
0.5%
5–19 units
8.2%
20+ units
1.0%
Mobile home
16.2%
Housing Age
Pre-1940
13.3%
1940–1969
12.8%
1970–1999
16.8%
2000–2009
7.4%
2010+
2.5%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Education
High School or Higher
79.0%
Bachelor's or Higher
12.9%
-25.9 pp vs. state
Graduate Degree
3.3%
Some College / Associate
26.3%
Less Than High School
3.7%
Enrolled in School
—
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Employment
Labor Force Participation
50.8%
Unemployment Rate
2.4%
-1.5 pp vs. state
Work from Home
5.2%
Self-Employed
6.2%
Government Workers
8.4%
Private For-Profit
85.3%
Industry
Manufacturing
23.8%
Edu/Health
16.6%
Prof. Services
16.2%
Finance
10.2%
Retail
8.4%
Construction
7.1%
Transportation
6.2%
Arts/Entmt.
4.1%
Wholesale
2.7%
Public Admin
0.6%
Occupation
Management
32.8%
Production
25.5%
Sales
20.1%
Construction
11.5%
Food Prep
10.0%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Commute
Median Travel Time
28.2 min
Drove Alone
81.7%
Carpool
8.8%
Public Transit
0.1%
Work from Home
5.2%
Walked
1.5%
Bicycle
—
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Households & Families
Total Households
1,982
Avg. Household Size
1.00
Avg. Family Size
—
Married-Couple Households
37.5%
Single-Mother Households
—
Single-Father Households
—
Living Alone
—
Households with Children
9.1%
Multigenerational
—
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Age Distribution
Under 5
2.5%
5–9
4.9%
10–14
5.1%
15–19
2.1%
20–24
2.7%
25–34
12.4%
35–44
5.6%
45–54
12.9%
55–64
10.3%
65–74
12.6%
75–84
17.4%
85+
8.3%
Under 18: 14.6%
Working age (18–64): 85.4%
65 and over: 29.0%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Social Characteristics
Immigration
Foreign Born
1.0%
Naturalized Citizen
27.5%
Speaks English Less Than Very Well
0.5%
Foreign-Born Origin
Latin America
72.5%
Europe
27.5%
Veterans & Disability
Veteran
6.8%
With a Disability
24.0%
Cognitive Difficulty
—
Ambulatory Difficulty
—
Health Insurance
Insured
90.2%
Uninsured
9.8%
Employer Insurance
—
Medicaid
—
Medicare
—
Technology & Mobility
Broadband Internet
78.8%
Has a Computer
80.3%
Same House 1 Year Ago
90.0%
Moved from Abroad
0.0%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Compare Clay County
Compare to another county →Where People Move From (IRS Migration Data)
Top origins of people who moved to Clay County in 2023, by number of tax returns filed (IRS SOI Migration Data).
| Origin | Tax Returns | People (est.) |
|---|---|---|
| Cass County | 890 | 1,523 |
| Other flows - Midwest | 197 | 301 |
| Other flows - West | 121 | 207 |
| Otter Tail County | 111 | 171 |
| Other flows - South | 104 | 187 |
| Becker County | 98 | 142 |
| Hennepin County | 50 | 76 |
| Grand Forks County | 37 | 65 |
| Other flows - Northeast | 34 | 60 |
| Polk County | 34 | 60 |