California
StatePopulation: 38,965,193 (2023 estimate)
Demographic, economic, and housing data for California from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey. Figures cover the full state — drill into any county or city below for local breakdowns.
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California Rankings
Data: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023 (released December 2024). Unemployment rate from BLS LAUS (more current).
Quick Facts — California
- What is the median household income in California?
- The median household income in California is $96,334 (U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023).
- What is the poverty rate in California?
- The poverty rate in California is 8.4% (U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2023).
- What is the median home value in California?
- $695,400 (U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2023).
- What is the average rent in California?
- The median gross rent in California is $1,956 per month (U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2023).
- What percentage of California residents have a college degree?
- 36.5% of adults in California hold a bachelor's degree or higher (U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2023).
Population
39,242,785
Median Income
$96,334
Median Home Value
$695,400
Poverty Rate
8.4%
Unemployment (Dec 2025)
5.5%
Median Age
37.0 yrs
Since 2019
Median Income:
+$21,099 (+28%)
Home Value:
+$190,400 (+37.7%)
Poverty Rate:
-1.2 pp (-12.5%)
Bachelor's+:
+2.6 pp (+7.7%)
Unemployment:
+0.3 pp (+4.9%)
Demographics
Total Population
39,242,785
Median Age
37.0
Female
50.0%
Race & Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino 39.8%
White (non-Hisp.) 34.6%
Black 5.5%
Asian 15.3%
Two or More 16.3%
Other 17.4%
Asian Subgroups (% of total pop.)
Chinese
4.2%
Filipino
3.3%
Indian
2.2%
Vietnamese
1.7%
Korean
1.2%
Japanese
0.6%
Hispanic Subgroups (% of total pop.)
Mexican
32.3%
Puerto Rican
0.6%
Cuban
0.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Income & Poverty
Median Household Income
$96,334
±$298
Per Capita Income
$137,277
Median Family Income
$110,108
Poverty Rate
8.4%
Child Poverty Rate
12.2%
Working-Age Poverty Rate
—
SNAP Recipients
11.4%
Social Security Income
—
Retirement Income
21.6%
Household Income Distribution
< $10k
4.4%
$10–15k
3.0%
$15–25k
5.2%
$25–35k
5.5%
$35–50k
8.4%
$50–75k
13.3%
$75–100k
11.8%
$100–150k
17.9%
$150–200k
11.1%
$200k+
19.4%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Housing
Total Housing Units
14,532,683
Owner-Occupied
55.8%
Renter-Occupied
44.2%
Vacancy Rate
7.6%
Median Home Value
$695,400
Median Gross Rent
$1,956
Owner Cost Burden (30%+)
29.4%
Renter Cost Burden (30%+)
45.3%
Home Price Appreciation (FHFA HPI)
1-Year
+1.2%
5-Year
+39.1%
HPI (2025 Q4)
972.4
Source: FHFA House Price Index, base 1991 Q1 = 100.
Home Value Distribution
< $50k
2.5%
$50–100k
1.7%
$100–200k
1.5%
$200–300k
5.5%
$300–500k
18.1%
$500k–$1M
41.6%
$1M+
27.7%
Gross Rent Distribution
< $500
3.7%
$500–1k
8.0%
$1–1.5k
17.9%
$1.5–2k
22.4%
$2–2.5k
19.2%
$2.5–3.5k
11.6%
$3.5k+
17.1%
Vehicle Availability
No vehicle
7.0%
1 vehicle
30.4%
2 vehicles
36.6%
3+
26.0%
Housing Type
Single-fam. det.
57.2%
Single-fam. att.
7.3%
2–4 units
2.4%
5–19 units
5.7%
20+ units
13.4%
Mobile home
3.5%
Housing Age
Pre-1940
8.9%
1940–1969
5.5%
1970–1999
17.0%
2000–2009
11.1%
2010+
6.2%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Education
High School or Higher
84.6%
Bachelor's or Higher
36.5%
Graduate Degree
14.1%
Some College / Associate
19.8%
Less Than High School
8.7%
Enrolled in School
—
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Employment
Labor Force Participation
63.9%
Unemployment Rate
6.4%
Work from Home
15.5%
Self-Employed
7.4%
Government Workers
14.6%
Private For-Profit
77.7%
Industry
Edu/Health
21.7%
Prof. Services
14.3%
Retail
10.1%
Arts/Entmt.
9.5%
Manufacturing
8.9%
Construction
6.7%
Transportation
6.0%
Finance
5.7%
Public Admin
4.7%
Information
2.9%
Wholesale
2.5%
Agriculture
2.0%
Occupation
Management
42.7%
Sales
19.4%
Food Prep
17.4%
Production
11.8%
Construction
8.7%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Commute
Median Travel Time
29.0 min
Drove Alone
67.1%
Carpool
9.5%
Public Transit
3.2%
Work from Home
15.5%
Walked
2.4%
Bicycle
—
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Households & Families
Total Households
13,434,847
Avg. Household Size
2.00
Avg. Family Size
—
Married-Couple Households
48.8%
Single-Mother Households
—
Single-Father Households
—
Living Alone
—
Households with Children
20.4%
Multigenerational
—
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Age Distribution
Under 5
5.6%
5–9
6.0%
10–14
6.6%
15–19
6.6%
20–24
6.5%
25–34
14.9%
35–44
13.8%
45–54
12.6%
55–64
6.2%
65–74
5.9%
75–84
9.0%
85+
4.4%
Under 18: 22.2%
Working age (18–64): 77.8%
65 and over: 15.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Social Characteristics
Immigration
Foreign Born
26.7%
Naturalized Citizen
54.4%
Speaks English Less Than Very Well
17.3%
Foreign-Born Origin
Latin America
49.0%
Asia
40.4%
Europe
6.5%
Africa
2.0%
Veterans & Disability
Veteran
4.5%
With a Disability
11.3%
Cognitive Difficulty
—
Ambulatory Difficulty
—
Health Insurance
Insured
93.1%
Uninsured
6.9%
Employer Insurance
—
Medicaid
—
Medicare
—
Technology & Mobility
Broadband Internet
92.5%
Has a Computer
96.4%
Same House 1 Year Ago
88.8%
Moved from Abroad
0.7%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2023
Largest Counties in California
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